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- Title
Banking of Radiation Processed Biological Tissues For Treatment Of Nuclear Casualties.
- Authors
Singh, Rita
- Abstract
Biological tissues from human donors can be collected, processed and banked for use in diverse transplantation. Human tissue is an important resource for medical treatment and can be of great assistance in the treatment of injuries due to heat, blast and radiation effects of nuclear weapon. A tissue bank screens, procures, processes, preserves and distributes allograft tissue for transplantation. It offers several advantages like decreased morbidity, avoidance of the sacrifice of patient's normal structure, reduction of prolonged hospital stay and cost, and availability of unlimited quantities of tissue grafts for a disaster scenario. Tissue banking begins with the identification of a suitable donor. Tissues obtained from living donors are amniotic membranes and bones removed during surgical procedures. Tissues like bones, skin, tendon and cartilage are obtained from the cadaveric donors. Each donor is screened based on the medical history, physical examination and laboratory examination, and tissues are aseptically processed in the controlled environment. However, infections associated with microbial contamination of allografts can result in serious morbidity. Screening of donor for disease, microbiological testing and aseptic processing, substantially reduce risk, but do not completely eliminate the possibility of allograft associated infections. Biological tissues from human donors should be sterilized to make them safe for clinical use. Radiation processing is the most suitable method for the sterilization of allograft tissues. Gamma Irradiation Facility at Defence Laboratory, Defence Research & Development Organisation, Jodhpur is used for radiation sterilization of biological tissues. Clinical trials at different centres in the country have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of radiation processed amniotic membrane dressings for treatment of burn wounds. Bone allografts processed from femoral heads excised during surgery are presently being used at Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi in reconstructive surgery.
- Subjects
DELHI (India); JODHPUR (India); TISSUES; RADIATION injuries; RADIATION sterilization; BLAST injuries; AMNION; ASEPTIC packaging; TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc.; HYDROCOLLOID surgical dressings
- Publication
Nitte University Journal of Health Science, 2018, p42
- ISSN
2249-7110
- Publication type
Article