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- Title
Cambios del EEG por habituación y condicionamiento en niños de tres a 15 años que acuden al Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación (INR).
- Authors
Brust-Carmona, Héctor; Ramírez-Aboytes, Francisco; Sánchez, Ana; Martínez, José; Miguel, Ángel Rodríguez; Flores-Ávalos, Blanca; Yáñez-Suárez, Oscar
- Abstract
During waking, stimuli activate the sensory pathways giving rise to sensation and the response to such stimulation. The electrobiochemical changes and modifications in EEG rhythms eventrelated synchronization or event-related desynchronization, ERD or ERS) propagated in the specific and unspecific cortex are added to the changes elicited by the responses and to the new signals originated by those same responses, bringing about perception. Diverse factors can alter these glialneuronal circuits, producing alterations in attention processes (ADD) and in the integration with their meaning. The inability to identify signals and integrate correct coordinated responses leads to deficiencies in responding to the environment and to associated morbidities that are added to ADD. ADD and its associated morbidities cause high social and economic impacts and, even more so, because of their persistence into adolescence and adulthood. Therefore, highly accurate diagnostic procedures are needed for these diseases. According to the CIE-10, in the clinical setting symptoms are analyzed without studying the neuro-developmental and neurodegenerative signs that identify alterations in neuronal circuits. As is known, behavior (including motivation, memory, thoughts) results from the Central Nervous System (CNS) activity, and the EEG records the electrical activity of neurons and synapses of the cerebral cortex, where cognitive processes are most likely to take place. To establish more accurate diagnostic procedures for ADD, we are integrating an electronic database, considering the intensity and cerebral distribution of theta (θ), alpha (α ), and beta (β) rhythms. We propose that the ERD of α and β reflects a cortical activation that gives rise to sensory-motor coordination processes. The first stimulations induce ERD, and their repetitions produce its decrement (ERS): ERD habituation. In addition, this ERD to ERS change might be reversed when giving meaning to the stimulation. We present herein the changes in θ, α , and β rhythms induced by repeated photostimulation (RPS), with the same characteristics, that, when presented, requires the subject to press a knob. Hundred-twenty-four children were studied at the Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación (INR, for its initials in Spanish) in Mexico City. Children were of either gender and aged from 3 to 15 years, separated in four groups of 3-year intervals. During clinical exploration, we searched for possible delays in physical-emotionalintellectual development, epilepsy, and medical or psychological treatments during the last six months, which were considered exclusion factors. Parents were briefed on the study, explaining them that the procedure had a low-risk nature and allowed for the analyzis of the electrical activity of the brain. Once having understood and accepted the procedure, they signed the informed consent form prepared by the institution.…
- Subjects
MEXICO; CHILDREN with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; ADOLESCENT psychopathology; ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; COMORBIDITY; MENTAL health services; PSYCHIATRIC research
- Publication
Salud Mental, 2009, Vol 32, Issue 6, p459
- ISSN
0185-3325
- Publication type
Article