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- Title
M1 and M2 Functional Imprinting of Primary Microglia: Role of P2X7 Activation and miR-125b.
- Authors
Parisi, Chiara; Napoli, Giulia; Pelegrin, Pablo; Volonté, Cinzia
- Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a most frequently occurring and severe form of motor neuron disease, causing death within 3–5 years from diagnosis and with a worldwide incidence of about 2 per 100,000 person-years. Mutations in over twenty genes associated with familial forms of ALS have provided insights into the mechanisms leading to motor neuron death. Moreover, mutations in two RNA binding proteins, TAR DNA binding protein 43 and fused in sarcoma, have raised the intriguing possibility that perturbations of RNA metabolism, including that of the small endogenous RNA molecules that repress target genes at the posttranscriptional level, that is, microRNAs, may contribute to disease pathogenesis. At present, the mechanisms by which microglia actively participate to both toxic and neuroprotective actions in ALS constitute an important matter of research. Among the pathways involved in ALS-altered microglia responses, in previous works we have uncovered the hyperactivation of P2X7 receptor by extracellular ATP and the overexpression of miR-125b, both leading to uncontrolled toxic M1 reactions. In order to shed further light on the complexity of these processes, in this short review we will describe the M1/M2 functional imprinting of primary microglia and a role played by P2X7 and miR-125b in ALS microglia activation.
- Subjects
AMYOTROPHIC lateral sclerosis; MICROGLIA; MICRORNA; DISEASE incidence; RNA-binding proteins; GENETIC mutation; GENETIC overexpression; DIAGNOSIS
- Publication
Mediators of Inflammation, 2016, p1
- ISSN
0962-9351
- Publication type
Recipe
- DOI
10.1155/2016/2989548