We found a match
Your institution may have access to this item. Find your institution then sign in to continue.
- Title
Determination of elemental toxicity migration limits, bioaccessibility and risk assessment of essential childcare products.
- Authors
Aboel Dahab, Ali; Elhag, Dhia; Ahmed, Ammar; Al-Obaid, Humaida
- Abstract
Children especially infants are particularly sensitive to contaminant exposure, they are exposed to toxic substances including heavy metals via multiple pathways, i.e. food, air, water, soil and childcare products. To date, determination of metal bioaccessibility in teethers and feeding teats is missing in the literature; therefore, it is vitally important to assess their metal bioaccessibility and characterise the risk for children. The aim of this study is to determine the migration levels of toxic elements in teethers and feeding teats of different brands as a measure of metal bioaccessibility and characterise the risk for children exposed to these products. The migration limits of several heavy metals (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Zn) in different brands of teethers and feeding teats were determined simultaneously using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) adopting a protocol in the European standards for safety of toys. With the exception of Pb, the migration limits of all elements in all brands of teethers and feeding teats were below the specified limits. However, in the case of Pb, the migration was above the specified limits in all samples except one brand of feeding teats. Risk assessment expressed as hazard index (HI) was calculated for detected elements and all samples. Although HI was below 1.0 for all samples except one sample, the high Pb concentration would pose a considerable risk to children. Therefore, we recommend a more thorough research and risk characterisation taking into consideration the factors that affect HI values. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Subjects
HEAVY metal toxicology; CHILDREN'S paraphernalia; PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of pollutants; RISK assessment of hazardous substances; INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma spectrometry; EMISSION spectroscopy
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2016, Vol 23, Issue 4, p3406
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-015-5594-0