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- Title
Diffusion-Weighted Stimulated Echo Acquisition Mode (DW-STEAM) MR Spectroscopy to Measure Fat Unsaturation in Regions with Low Proton-Density Fat Fraction.
- Authors
Ruschke, Stefan; Kienberger, Hermine; Baum, Thomas; Kooijman, Hendrik; Settles, Marcus; Haase, Axel; Rychlik, Michael; Rummeny, Ernst J.; Karampinos, Dimitrios C.
- Abstract
Purpose: To propose and optimize diffusion-weighted stimulated echo acquisition mode (DW-STEAM) for measuring fat unsaturation in the presence of a strong water signal by suppressing the water signal based on a shorter T2 and higher diffusivity of water relative to fat. Methods: A parameter study for point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) and STEAM using oil phantoms was performed and correlated with gas chromatography (GC). Simulations of muscle tissue signal behavior using DW-STEAM and long-echo time (TE) PRESS and a parameter optimization for DW-STEAM were conducted. DW-STEAM and long-TE PRESS were applied in the gastrocnemius muscles of nine healthy subjects. Results: STEAM with TE and mixing time (TM) up to 45 ms exhibited R2 correlations above 0.98 with GC and little T2-weighting and J-modulation for the quantified olefinic/methylene peak ratio. The optimal parameters for muscle tissue using DW-STEAM were bvalue =1800 s/mm2, TE=33 ms, TM=30 ms, and repetition time- =2300 ms. In vivo measured mean olefinic signal-to-noise ratios were 72 and 40, mean apparent olefinic water fractions were 0.19 and 0.11 for DW-STEAM and long-TE PRESS, respectively. Conclusion: Optimized DW-STEAM MR spectroscopy is superior to long-TE PRESS for measuring fat unsaturation, if a strong water peak prevents the olefinic fat signal's quantification at shorter TEs and water's tissue specific ADC is substantially higher than fat.
- Publication
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2016, Vol 75, Issue 1, p32
- ISSN
0740-3194
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/mrm.25578