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- Title
Analysis of Midrapidity p T Distributions of Identified Charged Particles in Pb + Pb Collisions at s n n = 5.02 TeV Using Tsallis Distribution with Embedded Transverse Flow.
- Authors
Olimov, Khusniddin K.; Liu, Fu-Hu; Fedosimova, Anastasiya I.; Lebedev, Igor A.; Deppman, Airton; Musaev, Kobil A.; Shodmonov, Maratbek Z.; Tukhtaev, Boburbek J.
- Abstract
The midrapidity transverse momentum distributions of the charged pions, kaons, protons, and antiprotons, measured by ALICE Collaboration at ten centrality classes of Pb + Pb collisions at s n n = 5.02 TeV in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC, CERN, Switzerland), are successfully analyzed using combined minimum χ2 fits with a thermodynamically non-consistent, as well as thermodynamically consistent, Tsallis function with transverse flow. The extracted non-extensivity parameter q decreases systematically for all considered particle species with increasing Pb + Pb collision centrality, suggesting an increase in the degree of system thermalization with an increase in collision centrality. The results for q suggest quite a large degree of thermalization of quark–gluon plasma (QGP) created in central Pb + Pb collisions at s n n = 5.02 TeV with the average number of participant nucleons 〈 N p a r t 〉 > 160. The obtained significantly different growth rates of transverse flow velocity, 〈 β T 〉 , in regions 〈 N p a r t 〉 < 71 ± 7 and 〈 N p a r t 〉 > 71 ± 7 with the temperature parameter T0 remaining constant within uncertainties in region 〈 N p a r t 〉 > 71 ± 7 probably indicates that 〈 N p a r t 〉 ≈ 71 ± 7 (corresponding to 〈 d N c h / d η 〉 ≈ 251 ± 20) is a threshold border value for a crossover transition from a dense hadronic state to the QGP phase (or mixed phase of QGP and hadrons) in Pb + Pb collisions at s n n = 5.02 TeV. The threshold border value for transverse flow velocity 〈 β T 〉 ≈ 0.46 ± 0.03 (corresponding to 〈 N p a r t 〉 ≈ 71 ± 7), estimated by us in Pb + Pb collisions at s n n = 5.02 TeV, agrees well with the corresponding border value 〈 β T 〉 ≈ 0.44 ± 0.02, recently obtained in Xe + Xe collisions at s n n = 5.44 TeV, and with almost constant 〈 β T 〉 values extracted earlier in the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program of the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC, Brookhaven, GA, USA) in central Au + Au collisions in the s n n = 7.7 − 39 GeV energy range, where the threshold for QGP production is achieved. The correlations between extracted T0 and 〈 β T 〉 parameters are found to be greatly different in regions 〈 β T 〉 < 0.46 and 〈 β T 〉 > 0.46, which further supports our result obtained for the threshold border value in Pb + Pb collisions at s n n = 5.02 TeV.
- Subjects
ANTIPROTONS; MOMENTUM distributions; LARGE Hadron Collider; QUARK-gluon plasma; FLOW velocity; PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
- Publication
Universe (2218-1997), 2022, Vol 8, Issue 8, p401
- ISSN
2218-1997
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/universe8080401