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- Title
Alterations in the Expression of IFN Lambda, IFN Gamma and Toll-like Receptors in Severe COVID-19 Patients.
- Authors
Sorrentino, Leonardo; Fracella, Matteo; Frasca, Federica; D'Auria, Alessandra; Santinelli, Letizia; Maddaloni, Luca; Bugani, Ginevra; Bitossi, Camilla; Gentile, Massimo; Ceccarelli, Giancarlo; Turriziani, Ombretta; Mastroianni, Claudio Maria; Antonelli, Guido; d'Ettorre, Gabriella; Pierangeli, Alessandra; Scagnolari, Carolina
- Abstract
Contradictory results have been reported regarding interferon (IFN) lambda (λ1–3) and IFN gamma (γ) production in COVID-19 patients. To gain insight into the roles played by these IFNs in SARS-CoV-2 infection, IFNλ1–3 and IFNγ mRNA expression was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (n = 32) and in cells of paired bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) (n = 12). Lower IFNλ1–3 values (p < 0.001 for IFNλ1 and 3 and p = 0.013 for IFNλ2) in the PBMCs of severely ill patients were found compared to healthy donors (n = 15). Reduced levels of IFNγ were also detected in patients' PBMCs (p < 0.01) and BALs (p = 0.041) compared to healthy donors. The presence of secondary bacterial infections was associated with decreased IFNλ amounts in PBMCs (p = 0.001, p = 0.015 and p = 0.003, respectively) but increased concentrations of IFNλ3 (p = 0.022) in BALs. Patients with alterations in C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase and D-dimer levels had decreased IFNλ1 and 3 (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001) and increased IFNγ (p = 0.08) in PBMCs. Analyzing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) involved in IFN production, we found that TLR3 was highly expressed (p = 0.033) in patients with bacterial superinfections, while TLR7 and 8 (p = 0.029 and p = 0.049) were reduced in BALs of deceased patients. Overall, severe COVID-19 might be characterized by dysregulation in IFNγ, IFNλ and TLR3, 7 and 8 production.
- Subjects
COVID-19; TOLL-like receptors; GENE expression; MONONUCLEAR leukocytes; INTERFERON beta 1b; INTERFERONS; LACTATE dehydrogenase; BACTERIAL diseases
- Publication
Microorganisms, 2023, Vol 11, Issue 3, p689
- ISSN
2076-2607
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/microorganisms11030689