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- Title
Upgrading Bio-Oil Produced from Corn Cobs and Cedrela odorata via Catalytic Olefination and Esterification with 3,7-Dimethyloct-1-ene and Butanol.
- Authors
Dawodu, Folasegun A.; Ayodele, Olubunmi O.; Akintola, John O.; Obembe, Oluwamayokun A.; Sanni, Ameerah O.; Agbejinmi, Bosede D.
- Abstract
In this study, corn cobs (CC) and Cedrela odorata (CO) sawdust which are common waste materials in Nigeria were used as raw materials in the production of bio-oil through pyrolysis at 500°C, for 2 h. The biochar produced in the process was sulfonated with concentrated sulfuric acid under reflux at 150°C for 6 h and used as a solid acid catalyst for bio-oil upgrading. The bio-oil was upgraded by simultaneous olefination and esterification using 3,7-dimethyloct-1-ene and butanol which served as a reagent and cosolvent. FT-IR spectra of the activated biochar from CC and CO raw materials showed an absorbance in the range of 1032–1180 cm−1, which is indicative of asymmetric S=O bonds, and the spectra also revealed a band between 3400 and 3700 cm−1, which indicated presence of hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups and thus successful activation of the biochar. This observed IR absorbance was absent in the nonactivated biochar. Proximate analysis of upgraded bio-oils revealed a significant reduction in percentage water and oxygen contents, an increase in the high heating value (HHV) and flammability. The chemical composition of the bio-oils was determined using GC-MS, and it showed significant reduction in oxygenated compounds in the upgraded bio-oil as against their high composition in raw bio-oils.
- Subjects
NIGERIA; WOOD waste; CORNCOBS; FINANCIAL Times (Newspaper); BUTANOL; OXYGEN in water; ESTERIFICATION; WASTE products
- Publication
International Journal of Chemical Engineering (1687806X), 2019, p1
- ISSN
1687-806X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1155/2019/9042425