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- Title
Thyroid Function and Cancer Risk: The Rotterdam Study.
- Authors
Khan, Samer R; Chaker, Layal; Ruiter, Rikje; Aerts, Joachim G J V; Hofman, Albert; Dehghan, Abbas; Franco, Oscar H; Stricker, Bruno H C; Peeters, Robin P
- Abstract
<bold>Context: </bold>In vitro and in vivo experiments have assigned both oncosuppressive and oncogenic properties to thyroid hormones. Population-based studies have found inconclusive results.<bold>Objective: </bold>We aimed to prospectively assess the relation between thyroid function and incident cancer in a population-based setting.<bold>Design, Setting, and Participants: </bold>The current study is a prospective population-based cohort study including 10 318 participants for whom baseline measurements of free T4 (FT4) and/or TSH were available.<bold>Main Outcome Measures: </bold>Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess hazard ratios (HRs) of any solid non-skin cancer, as well as lung, breast, prostate, and gastrointestinal cancer specifically.<bold>Results: </bold>Higher FT4 levels were associated with a higher risk of any solid cancer (HR, 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.79), lung cancer (HR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.39-3.92) and breast (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.10-2.84) cancer. The risk estimates were similar after exclusion of thyroid-altering medication, but the association lost significance for breast cancer. Compared with the lowest FT4 tertile, the highest tertile was associated with a 1.13-fold increased risk of any solid, 1.79-fold increased risk of lung, and 1.14-fold increased risk of breast cancer (P for trend <.05 for all). For TSH levels we found no associations with cancer risk. There was no differential effect of sex or age on the association between thyroid function and cancer risk.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Higher FT4 levels are significantly associated with an increased risk of any solid, lung, and breast cancer. Further research should elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
- Publication
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2016, p5030
- ISSN
0021-972X
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1210/jc.2016-2104