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- Title
Morphological Analysis of the Hypoglossal Nerve Canal in Dry Skulls from Northeastern Brazil.
- Authors
Dantas da Silva, Daniel; da Conceição Maciel Targino, Maria Francisca; de Paiva Filho, Marcílio Ferreira; Pinto Fabrício Ribeiro, André Luiz; Leite Cavalcante, Letícia; Monte Bispo, Rodrigo Freitas; Dantas de Lucena, Jalles; de Sá Braga Oliveira, André
- Abstract
Introduction: the hypoglossal nerve, XII cranial nerve, is a motor nerve for the muscles of the tongue that arises from the medulla and crosses the hypoglossal nerve canal in the occipital bone. This canal may present variations that induce changes in the path of the nerve and vascular structures related to it. This understanding is essential for choosing the best surgical techniques to avoid injuries to the components that transit through the canal. Objectives: to analyze the morphology of the hypoglossal nerve canal in skulls from a population in northeastern Brazil. Method: fifty dry adult human skulls (25 male and 25 female) belonging to 2 anatomy laboratories in northeastern Brazil were analyzed. The morphological analysis was performed according to the classification by Kumar et al.9 regarding the presence of septa and spores. The morphometric analysis was performed with a digital caliper with a precision of 0.01mm. Student's t test was applied to assess sexual dimorphism using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 21.0. Results: twenty-three skulls were classified as type l (no changes in the canal), of which 10 are female and 13 male (46% of the sample). No type 2a and 2b skulls were found. The most prevalent variations were type 3, with 11 skulls 3a (22%) and 5 3b (10%). Five skulls corresponded to type 4 (10%) and another 5 to type 5 (a combination of spore and septum), which is a variation discovered and adapted to the classification used in this study. In the morphometric analysis, there was no difference between the analyzed parameters, except for extracranial width, in males (p=0.003). Conclusion: a peculiar anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve canal was observed in this population from northeastern Brazil. It is essential to recognize these variations to guide professionals in their surgical interventions, avoiding injuries to the hypoglossal nerve and associated structures.
- Subjects
BRAZIL; HYPOGLOSSAL nerve; OCCIPITAL bone; SKULL; NEUROANATOMY; CRANIAL nerves
- Publication
Journal of Morphological Sciences, 2023, Vol 40, p63
- ISSN
2177-0298
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.51929/jms.40.63.2023