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- Title
The anti-tumor effect of shikonin on osteosarcoma by inducing RIP1 and RIP3 dependent necroptosis.
- Authors
Zeze Fu; Biyong Deng; Yuxin Liao; Liancheng Shan; Fei Yin; Zhuoying Wang; Hui Zeng; Dongqing Zuo; Yingqi Hua; Zhengdong Cai; Fu, Zeze; Deng, Biyong; Liao, Yuxin; Shan, Liancheng; Yin, Fei; Wang, Zhuoying; Zeng, Hui; Zuo, Dongqing; Hua, Yingqi; Cai, Zhengdong
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary malignant bone tumor, notorious for its lung metastasis. Shikonin, an effective constituent extracted from Chinese medicinal herb, was demonstrated to induce necroptosis in some cancers.<bold>Methods: </bold>MTT assay was performed to detect cell survival rate in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle and cell death. Western blot was performed to determine the expression levels of RIP1, RIP3, caspase-3, caspase-6 and PARP. The tibial primary and lung metastatic osteosarcoma models were used to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of shikonin in vivo.<bold>Results: </bold>The cell survival rate was decreased in a dose and time dependent manner when treated with shikonin. No major change in cell cycle was observed after shikonin treatment. The cell death induced by shikonin could be mostly rescued by specific necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1, but not by general caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. The number of necrotic cells caused by shikonin was decreased after being pretreated with Nec-1 detected by flow cytometry in K7 cells. After 8-hour treatment of shikonin, the expression levels of RIP1 and RIP3 were increased while caspase-3, caspase-6 and PARP were not activated in K7 and U2OS cells determined by Western blot. Size of primary tumor and lung metastasis in shikonin treated group were significantly reduced. The protein levels of RIP1 and RIP3 in primary tumor tissues were increased by shikonin. The overall survival of lung metastatic models was longer compared with control group (p < 0.001).<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Shikonin had prompt but profound anti-tumor effect on both primary and metastatic osteosarcoma, probably by inducing RIP1 and RIP3 dependent necroptosis. Shikonin would be a potential anti-tumor agent on the treatment of primary and metastatic osteosarcoma.
- Subjects
SHIKONIN; ANTINEOPLASTIC agents; OSTEOSARCOMA; CHINESE medicine; FLOW cytometry; CELL cycle; CELL death; THERAPEUTICS; PROTEIN metabolism; ANIMAL experimentation; APOPTOSIS; BIOCHEMISTRY; BONE tumors; CARRIER proteins; CELL lines; CELL physiology; COMPARATIVE studies; CLINICAL drug trials; HERBAL medicine; LUNG tumors; PHENOMENOLOGY; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; MICE; NECROSIS; QUINONE; RESEARCH; EVALUATION research; PHARMACODYNAMICS
- Publication
BMC Cancer, 2013, Vol 13, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1471-2407
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1186/1471-2407-13-580