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- Title
Hypoxic Bottom Waters as a Carbon Source to Atmosphere During a Typhoon Passage Over the East China Sea.
- Authors
Li, Dewang; Chen, Jian Fang; Ni, Xiaobo; Wang, Kui; Zeng, Dingyong; Wang, Bin; Huang, Daji; Cai, Wei‐Jun
- Abstract
A high‐resolution mooring record from the Changjiang River plume (45‐m depth) is used to investigate how air‐sea CO2 flux responds to typhoon in the productive plume. With strong wind, surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) increased sharply from 369 to 606 μatm due to entrainment of high‐CO2 subsurface water. Though it was followed by pCO2 decrease of 250 μatm and Chl a increase days after the typhoon, the typhoon caused a net CO2 efflux overall. The maximum CO2 efflux (+111.6 mmol·m−2·day−1) is much greater than that under non‐typhoon condition (−2.3 to −11.7 mmol·m−2·day−1). Based on historical typhoon records, we estimate typhoon‐induced CO2 efflux to be +0.27 Tg C/year, which can cancel 18% of summer CO2 influx in the East China Sea shelf. It may likely occur in other coastal waters. Ignoring such contribution may induce large bias in estimating regional air‐sea CO2 flux. Plain Language Summary: Air‐sea CO2 flux estimations in shelf waters are improving in recent decades but still have large uncertainties. Short‐term events, such as tropical cyclones, could have significant influences in air‐sea CO2 flux estimations. In addition, recent climate models suggest tropical cyclones may become more intense over the coming century. We know little about how they influence regional air‐sea CO2 flux. Here, we present a high‐resolution mooring record from the Changjiang River plume to investigate how air‐sea CO2 flux responds to typhoon. In our record, surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) increased sharply from 369 to 606 μatm due to entrainment of high‐CO2 subsurface water. Though it was followed by pCO2 decrease and Chl a increase days after the typhoon, the typhoon caused a net CO2 efflux overall. The typhoon transferred CO2 from surface waters to atmosphere at a maximum rate of 111.6 mmol·m−2·day−1. Based on historical typhoon records, we estimate typhoon‐induced CO2 efflux to be +0.27 Tg C/year, which can cancel out 18% of summer CO2 influx in the East China Sea shelf. It may likely occur in other coastal waters. Ignoring such contribution may induce large bias in estimating regional air‐sea CO2 flux. Key Points: Sea surface pCO2 increased by 237 μatm within 3 days during vertical mixing; it decreased by 250 μatm days after the typhoonEntrainment of high‐pCO2 and hypoxic bottom water by typhoon caused CO2 efflux of +111.6 mmol·m−2·day−1 (CO2 sink under non‐typhoon condition)Typhoon‐induced CO2 efflux is +0.27 Tg C/year, which can cancel out 18% of summer CO2 influx over the East China Sea shelf
- Subjects
YANGTZE River (China); TYPHOONS; TROPICAL cyclones; PARTIAL pressure; SURFACE pressure; CARBON dioxide in water
- Publication
Geophysical Research Letters, 2019, Vol 46, Issue 20, p11329
- ISSN
0094-8276
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2019GL083933