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- Title
Effect of Subcritical Water on the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Carrot Leaves.
- Authors
Song, Rui; Ismail, Marliya; Baroutian, Saeid; Farid, Mohammed
- Abstract
Carrot leaves, which are generally considered as agricultural residue, are rich in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols. This study investigates the extraction of polyphenols and luteolin (flavonoid) from freeze-dried and ground carrot leaves (d < 100 μm) using subcritical water (SCW). Water at elevated temperatures and at high pressure (40 bar) could behave as low-polar solvent to enhance extraction of organic compounds. SCW was investigated at different temperatures (110-230 °C), time (0-114 min), and solid-liquid ratio (15 and 35 g/L). Accordingly, it was revealed that total phenolic content (TPC) from carrot leaves using SCW has an increasing trend with temperature and resulted in 42.83 ± 1.85 mg per g of dry weight in gallic acid equivalent at 210 °C/113.5 min. However, luteolin content using SCW extraction behaved differently, where increase of temperature adversely affected its content. Hot water extraction studies revealed the presence of optimum luteolin content (0.768 ± 0.009-mg/g dry weight) at 120 °C for 10 min. In conclusion, it was shown that carrot leaves are a promising feedstock to extract polyphenols that has high content of luteolin.
- Subjects
BIOACTIVE compounds; LUTEOLIN; POLYPHENOLS; CARROTS; FREEZE-dried foods
- Publication
Food & Bioprocess Technology, 2018, Vol 11, Issue 10, p1895
- ISSN
1935-5130
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11947-018-2151-0