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- Title
INVESTIGATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE HYPOTHESIS WITH ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR TURKIYE: EVIDENCE FROM FOURIER ADF AND ARDL APPROACH.
- Authors
Eylasov, Neman; Zortuk, Mahmut; Svilokos, Tonći
- Abstract
In this study, the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve for the Turkish economy is investigated using the variables of per capita GDP, CO2 emissions, and energy consumption for the period between 1971 and 2019. The stationarity of the variables used in the study is examined with Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Fourier ADF tests that consider structural breaks. The long-term relationship between GDP, CO2 emissions, and energy consumption is analyzed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. Empirical analyses reveal that the first difference of GDP and CO2 emissions is stationary, while energy consumption is stationary at the level, indicating cointegration among the variables. The coefficients of the long-term model obtained through ARDL approach demonstrate an inverted U-shaped relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions, supporting the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in Turkey. Additionally, in the long run, energy consumption positively impacts CO2 emissions.
- Subjects
TURKEY; KUZNETS curve; ENERGY consumption; GROSS domestic product; AUTOREGRESSIVE models; COINTEGRATION
- Publication
Journal of Modern Technology & Engineering, 2023, Vol 8, Issue 2, p140
- ISSN
2519-4836
- Publication type
Article