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- Title
Plastic waste in sandy beaches and surface water in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam: abundance, characterization, and sources.
- Authors
Dao, Cham Dinh; Duong, Lim Thi; Nguyen, Thuy Huong Thi; Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi; Nguyen, Hue Thi; Dang, Quan Tran; Dao, Nhiem Ngoc; Pham, Chuc Ngoc; Nguyen, Chi Ha Thi; Duong, Dien Cong; Bui, Thu Thi; Nguyen, Bac Quang
- Abstract
The occurrence and characterization of marine debris on beaches bring opportunities to track back the anthropogenic activities around shorelines as well as aid in waste management and control. In this study, the three largest beaches in Thanh Hoa (Vietnam) were examined for plastic waste, including macroplastics (≥ 5 mm) on sandy beaches and microplastics (MPs) (< 5 mm) in surface water. Among 3803 items collected on the beaches, plastic waste accounted for more than 98%. The majority of the plastic wastes found on these beaches were derived from fishing boats and food preservation foam packaging. The FT-IR data indicated that the macroplastics comprised 77% polystyrene, 17% polypropylene, and 6% high-density polyethylene, while MPs discovered in surface water included other forms of plastics such as polyethylene- acrylate, styrene/butadiene rubber gasket, ethylene/propylene copolymer, and zein purified. FT-IR data demonstrated that MPs might also be originated from automobile tire wear, the air, and skincare products, besides being degraded from macroplastics. The highest abundance of MPs was 44.1 items/m3 at Hai Tien beach, while the lowest was 15.5 items/m3 at Sam Son beach. The results showed that fragment form was the most frequent MP shape, accounting for 61.4 ± 14.3% of total MPs. MPs with a diameter smaller than 500 μm accounted for 70.2 ± 7.6% of all MPs. According to our research, MPs were transformed, transported, and accumulated due to anthropogenic activities and environmental processes. This study provided a comprehensive knowledge of plastic waste, essential in devising long-term development strategies in these locations.
- Subjects
VIETNAM; PLASTIC marine debris; MARINE debris; BEACHES; HIGH density polyethylene; PLASTIC scrap; POLYBUTADIENE; AUTOMOBILE tires; WASTE management
- Publication
Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 2023, Vol 195, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
0167-6369
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10661-022-10868-1