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- Title
Degradation mechanism of BCN in GN/BCN/water system and the effect of degradation on the thermal behavior of the system.
- Authors
Yosuke Nishiwaki; Mieko Kumasaki
- Abstract
Degradation decreases the quality and safety of pyrotechnic compositions. To reduce pyrotechnic degradation, a better understanding of the mechanism of degradation is required. Previously, our work revealed that exposure to water caused degradation of a guanidine nitrate (GN) and basic copper nitrate (BCN) mixture, a major component for gas-generating agents in pyrotechnics. Our previous study detected only one degradation product: copper oxide (CuO). Herein, we aim to identify other degradation products and reveal the degradation mechanism of BCN. We also study the effect of GN/BCN degradation on thermal stability. Modified accelerating aging tests and X-ray powder diffraction analysis revealed two degradation products: CuO and copper nitrate trihydrate [Cu(NOs)2-3H2O, CuNite]. CuNite was not observed in experiments involving heating or contact with CuO during drying. CuO was detected in each degradation. Degradation behavior in water was observed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Quantitative spectroscopic analysis revealed a ratio of Cu24- to NO3" of 1:2 in water during the accelerating aging test with BCN, consistent with CuNite but not with BCN. Differential thermal analysis of simulated aged GN/BCN revealed the effect of aging on thermal stability. Two degradation products, CuO and CuNite, decreased the thermal stability of GN. GN/CuO showed higher thermal stability than GN/BCN. The thermal stabilities of GN/CuO/CuNite and GN/BCN were the same, but the former showed a decrease in mass at around 100 °C due to dehydration. These results indicate thermal stability changes in GN/BCN due to aging.
- Subjects
FIREWORKS; COPPER compounds; COPPER oxide; CHEMICAL decomposition; THERMAL stability
- Publication
Science & Technology of Energetic Materials, 2020, Vol 81, Issue 3, p76
- ISSN
1347-9466
- Publication type
Article