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- Title
Capitalism and Bureaucracy in German Industrialization before 1914.
- Authors
Kocka, Jürgen
- Abstract
The article analyzes the concepts of capitalism and bureaucracy in the industrialization of Germany prior to World War I. German industrialization before 1914 would seem to be a suitable context within which the relationship between capitalism and bureaucracy can be discussed in a more concrete way. German industrialization was undoubtedly capitalist in character, as were all other instances of industrialization before 1917. Most strategic decisions about the allocation of factors of production were made by private entrepreneurs using profit and capital accumulation as major yardsticks. They managed privately owned firms which were connected with each other principally through market mechanisms. Wage work on a contractual basis clearly dominated, and the tensions and conflicts between capital and labor structured many aspects of German society. In Germany, it was logical to use the bureaucratic models which belonged to the stock of tradition. There were, in practice, many channels through which bureaucratic patterns spread to the developing factory system and its management. Various interdependencies between government agencies and early enterprises continued after the mercantilistic period.
- Subjects
GERMANY; CAPITALISM; BUREAUCRACY; INDUSTRIALIZATION; PUBLIC administration; POLITICAL science
- Publication
Economic History Review, 1981, Vol 34, Issue 3, p453
- ISSN
0013-0117
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1468-0289.1981.tb02080.x