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- Title
From Microscale Interactions to Macroscale Patterns in Copepod–Crinoid Symbiosis.
- Authors
Korzhavina, Oksana A.; Gubareva, Natalia V.; Kitashov, Andrey V.; Britayev, Temir A.; Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N.
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Crinoids, a class of echinoderms, engage in diverse symbiotic relationships with copepod crustaceans, but our understanding of these interactions remains limited. A review of the literature reveals 163 recorded instances involving 39 copepod species in 6 families associated with 33 species of Comatulida. These associations span 5 of the 12 ecoregions of the World Ocean, with the highest diversity of both symbionts and hosts being noted in the Central and Western Indo-Pacific. Many fewer copepod–crinoid associations have been documented in the Atlantic. Most of these copepods are ectosymbionts, with some instances of endosymbiosis. The genera Collocheres Canu, 1893 and Pseudanthessius Claus, 1889 are prominent among them, and the host family Comatulidae exhibits the most diverse range of copepod associations. Current records cover only 5% of the potential crinoid host diversity, highlighting the need for further research. Crinoids (Echinodermata) exhibit unique morphological and behavioral characteristics that facilitate a wide range of symbiotic relationships with diverse organisms. Our comprehension of their interactions with microscopic copepod crustaceans is, however, still in a nascent and fragmented state. Here, we review and discuss the 166 literature records to date in which a total of 39 copepod species in 6 families have been reported in association with 33 species of the crinoid order Comatulida. Many of these associations have been reported just once. The respective localities cover 5 of the World Ocean's 12 ecoregions, with a notable concentration of both host and symbiont diversity in the Central and Western Indo-Pacific. In contrast, the documentation of copepod–crinoid associations in the Atlantic appears markedly limited. Copepods have been found predominantly in ectosymbiotic relationships with crinoids, with a lower incidence of endosymbiosis. Copepods of the genera Collocheres Canu, 1893 and Pseudanthessius Claus, 1889 are particularly prominent in the list, and the comatulid family Comatulidae displays the most diverse assortment of copepod associations. The current scope of knowledge encompasses a mere 5% of the potential crinoid host diversity, underscoring the need for more extensive research in this area.
- Subjects
SYMBIOSIS; LITERATURE reviews; ENDOSYMBIOSIS; COPEPODA; MARINE invertebrates
- Publication
Animals (2076-2615), 2024, Vol 14, Issue 6, p877
- ISSN
2076-2615
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ani14060877