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- Title
The Effects of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on the Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Function in Patients with Obesity: A Pilot Study.
- Authors
Linsalata, Michele; Russo, Francesco; Riezzo, Giuseppe; D'Attoma, Benedetta; Prospero, Laura; Orlando, Antonella; Ignazzi, Antonia; Di Chito, Martina; Sila, Annamaria; De Nucci, Sara; Rinaldi, Roberta; Giannelli, Gianluigi; De Pergola, Giovanni
- Abstract
The very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is effective and safe for obese individuals, but limited information exists on its impact on the intestinal barrier. This study analyzed the effects of 8 weeks of VLCKD on 24 obese patients (11M/13F). Carbohydrate intake was fixed at 20–50 g/day, while protein and lipid intake varied from 1–1.4 g/kg of ideal body weight and 15–30 g per day, respectively. Daily calorie intake was below 800 kcal. The lactulose–mannitol absorption test assessed small intestinal permeability. Multiple markers, such as serum and fecal zonulin, fatty acid-binding protein, diamine oxidase concentrations, urinary dysbiosis markers (indican and skatole), and circulating lipopolysaccharide levels, were analyzed. Inflammation markers (serum interleukin 6, 8, 10, and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations) were also evaluated. The results showed significant reductions in weight, BMI, and waist circumference post-diet. However, the lactulose–mannitol ratio increased by 76.5%, and a significant increase in dysbiosis markers at the end of the diet occurred. This trend was particularly evident in a subgroup of patients. Despite initial benefits, the VLCKD might negatively affect the intestinal barrier function in obese patients, potentially worsening their compromised intestinal balance.
- Subjects
INTESTINAL physiology; KETOGENIC diet; OBESITY; PILOT projects; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; BIOMARKERS; PERMEABILITY; FOOD consumption; INFLAMMATION; CARBOHYDRATES; INTESTINAL mucosa; FATTY acids
- Publication
Nutrients, 2023, Vol 15, Issue 11, p2561
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu15112561