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- Title
Changes Induced by Aging and Long-Term Exercise and/or DHA Supplementation in Muscle of Obese Female Mice.
- Authors
Martínez-Gayo, Alejandro; Félix-Soriano, Elisa; Sáinz, Neira; González-Muniesa, Pedro; Moreno-Aliaga, María J.
- Abstract
Obesity and aging promote chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of long-term physical exercise and/or omega-3 fatty acid Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on genes or proteins related to muscle metabolism, inflammation, muscle damage/regeneration and myokine expression in aged and obese mice. Two-month-old C57BL/6J female mice received a control or a high-fat diet for 4 months. Then, the diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were distributed into four groups: DIO, DIO + DHA, DIO + EX (treadmill training) and DIO + DHA + EX up to 18 months. Mice fed a control diet were sacrificed at 2, 6 and 18 months. Aging increased the mRNA expression of Tnf-α and decreased the expression of genes related to glucose uptake (Glut1, Glut4), muscle atrophy (Murf1, Atrogin-1, Cas-9) and myokines (Metrnl, Il-6). In aged DIO mice, exercise restored several of these changes. It increased the expression of genes related to glucose uptake (Glut1, Glut4), fatty acid oxidation (Cpt1b, Acox), myokine expression (Fndc5, Il-6) and protein turnover, decreased Tnf-α expression and increased p-AKT/AKT ratio. No additional effects were observed when combining exercise and DHA. These data suggest the effectiveness of long-term training to prevent the deleterious effects of aging and obesity on muscle dysfunction.
- Subjects
DOCOSAHEXAENOIC acid; CYTOKINES; OBESITY; EXPERIMENTAL design; SKELETAL muscle; INFLAMMATION; ANIMAL experimentation; WESTERN immunoblotting; GENE expression; AGING; EXERCISE; MEMBRANE transport proteins; TUMOR necrosis factors; MESSENGER RNA; RESEARCH funding; POLYMERASE chain reaction; MICE
- Publication
Nutrients, 2022, Vol 14, Issue 20, p4240
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu14204240