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- Title
Daily Intake of Milk Powder and Risk of Celiac Disease in Early Childhood: A Nested Case-Control Study.
- Authors
Hård af Segerstad, Elin M.; Lee, Hye-Seung; Andrén Aronsson, Carin; Yang, Jimin; Uusitalo, Ulla; Sjöholm, Ingegerd; Rayner, Marilyn; Kurppa, Kalle; Virtanen, Suvi M.; Norris, Jill M.; Agardh, Daniel; on behalf of the TEDDY Study Group
- Abstract
Milk powder and gluten are common components in Swedish infants’ diets. Whereas large intakes of gluten early in life increases the risk of celiac disease in genetically at-risk Swedish children, no study has yet evaluated if intake of milk powder by 2 years of age is associated with celiac disease. A 1-to-3 nested case-control study, comprised of 207 celiac disease children and 621 controls matched for sex, birth year, and HLA genotype, was performed on a birth cohort of HLA-DR3-DQ2 and/or DR4-DQ8-positive children. Subjects were screened annually for celiac disease using tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA). Three-day food records estimated the mean intake of milk powder at ages 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months. Conditional logistic regression calculated odds ratios (OR) at last intake prior to seroconversion of tTGA positivity, and for each time-point respectively and adjusted for having a first-degree relative with celiac disease and gluten intake. Intake of milk powder prior to seroconversion of tTGA positivity was not associated with celiac disease (OR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.99, 1.03; <italic>p</italic> = 0.763). In conclusion, intake of milk powder in early childhood is not associated with celiac disease in genetically susceptible children.
- Subjects
CELIAC disease; AGE distribution; AUTOANTIBODIES; CONFIDENCE intervals; DAIRY products; GLUTEN; INGESTION; LONGITUDINAL method; MILK proteins; SEX distribution; TRANSFERASES; HLA-B27 antigen; LOGISTIC regression analysis; CASE-control method; SEROCONVERSION; FOOD diaries; ODDS ratio; GENOTYPES; CHILDREN; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Nutrients, 2018, Vol 10, Issue 5, p550
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu10050550