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- Title
Expression of the 2′,3′-cAMP-adenosine pathway in astrocytes and microglia.
- Authors
Verrier, Jonathan D.; Exo, Jennifer L.; Jackson, Travis C.; Ren, Jin; Gillespie, Delbert G.; Dubey, Raghvendra K.; Kochanek, Patrick M.; Jackson, Edwin K.
- Abstract
J. Neurochem. (2011) 118, 979-987. Abstract Many organs express the extracellular 3′,5′-cAMP-adenosine pathway (conversion of extracellular 3′,5′-cAMP to 5′-AMP and 5′-AMP to adenosine). Some organs release 2′,3′-cAMP (isomer of 3′,5′-cAMP) and convert extracellular 2′,3′-cAMP to 2′- and 3′-AMP and convert these AMPs to adenosine (extracellular 2′,3′-cAMP-adenosine pathway). As astrocytes and microglia are important participants in the response to brain injury and adenosine is an endogenous neuroprotectant, we investigated whether these extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathways exist in these cell types. 2′,3′-, 3′,5′-cAMP, 5′-, 3′-, and 2′-AMP were incubated with mouse primary astrocytes or primary microglia for 1 h and purine metabolites were measured in the medium by mass spectrometry. There was little evidence of a 3′,5′-cAMP-adenosine pathway in either astrocytes or microglia. In contrast, both cell types converted 2′,3′-cAMP to 2′- and 3′-AMP (with 2′-AMP being the predominant product). Although both cell types converted 2′- and 3′-AMP to adenosine, microglia were five- and sevenfold, respectively, more efficient than astrocytes in this regard. Inhibitor studies indicated that the conversion of 2′,3′-cAMP to 2′-AMP was mediated by a different ecto-enzyme than that involved in the metabolism of 2′,3′-cAMP to 3′-AMP and that although CD73 mediates the conversion of 5′-AMP to adenosine, an alternative ecto-enzyme metabolizes 2′- or 3′-AMP to adenosine.
- Subjects
ADENOSINES; ASTROCYTES; MICROGLIA; BRAIN injury treatment; PURINES; MASS spectrometry
- Publication
Journal of Neurochemistry, 2011, Vol 118, Issue 6, p979
- ISSN
0022-3042
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07392.x