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- Title
A new twist in the coil: functions of the coiled-coil domain of structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins.
- Authors
Matityahu, Avi; Onn, Itay
- Abstract
The higher-order organization of chromosomes ensures their stability and functionality. However, the molecular mechanism by which higher order structure is established is poorly understood. Dissecting the activity of the relevant proteins provides information essential for achieving a comprehensive understanding of chromosome structure. Proteins of the structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) family of ATPases are the core of evolutionary conserved complexes. SMC complexes are involved in regulating genome dynamics and in maintaining genome stability. The structure of all SMC proteins resembles an elongated rod that contains a central coiled-coil domain, a common protein structural motif in which two α-helices twist together. In recent years, the imperative role of the coiled-coil domain to SMC protein activity and regulation has become evident. Here, we discuss recent advances in the function of the SMC coiled coils. We describe the structure of the coiled-coil domain of SMC proteins, modifications and interactions that are mediated by it. Furthermore, we assess the role of the coiled-coil domain in conformational switches of SMC proteins, and in determining the architecture of the SMC dimer. Finally, we review the interplay between mutations in the coiled-coil domain and human disorders. We suggest that distinctive properties of coiled coils of different SMC proteins contribute to their distinct functions. The discussion clarifies the mechanisms underlying the activity of SMC proteins, and advocates future studies to elucidate the function of the SMC coiled coil domain.
- Subjects
CHROMOSOME structure; SMC proteins; MOLECULAR structure of adenosine triphosphatase; DNA helicases; FERROMAGNETIC materials; MAGNETIC domain
- Publication
Current Genetics, 2018, Vol 64, Issue 1, p109
- ISSN
0172-8083
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00294-017-0735-2