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- Title
Predictors of persistence in girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results from an 11-year controlled follow-up study.
- Authors
Biederman, J.; Petty, C. R.; O'Connor, K. B.; Hyder, L. L.; Faraone, S. V.
- Abstract
Biederman J, Petty CR, O'Connor KB, Hyder LL, Faraone SV. Predictors of persistence in girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results from an 11-year controlled follow-up study. Objective: This study sought to examine the age-dependent persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its predictors in a large sample of girls with and without ADHD followed prospectively for 11 years into young adulthood. Method: Participants were girls with ( N = 96) and without ( N = 91) ADHD and were 6-17 years old at the baseline assessment (mean age, 11 years) and 15-30 years old at the follow-up assessment (mean: 22 years). Participants were comprehensively and blindly assessed with structured diagnostic interviews and assessments of cognitive, social, school, and family functioning. Results: At the 11-year follow-up, 33.3% met full criteria for ADHD, 29.2% showed partial persistence of the disorder, 10.4% had impaired functioning, and 4.2% were remitted but treated (77.1% of the sample). Predictors of persistence were psychiatric comorbidity, family history of psychopathology, and family and school functioning at baseline. Conclusion: These long-term, prospective, follow-up findings extend to girls findings that ADHD is persistent over the long term and can be predicted from psychosocial adversity and psychiatric comorbidity ascertained 11 years earlier.
- Subjects
ADOLESCENT psychopathology; ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder; GIRLS; PERSISTENCE (Personality trait); IMPAIRED risks; PATHOLOGICAL psychology
- Publication
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2012, Vol 125, Issue 2, p147
- ISSN
0001-690X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01797.x