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- Title
Relationship between Excreted Uremic Toxins and Degree of Disorder of Children with ASD.
- Authors
Osredkar, Joško; Baškovič, Barbara Žvar; Finderle, Petra; Bobrowska-Korczak, Barbara; Gątarek, Paulina; Rosiak, Angelina; Giebułtowicz, Joanna; Vrhovšek, Maja Jekovec; Kałużna-Czaplińska, Joanna
- Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder in which communication and behavior are affected. A number of studies have investigated potential biomarkers, including uremic toxins. The aim of our study was to determine uremic toxins in the urine of children with ASD (143) and compare the results with healthy children (48). Uremic toxins were determined with a validated high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. We observed higher levels of p-cresyl sulphate (pCS) and indoxyl sulphate (IS) in the ASD group compared to the controls. Moreover, the toxin levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were lower in ASD patients. Similarly, for pCS and IS in children classified, according to the intensity of their symptoms, into mild, moderate, and severe, elevated levels of these compounds were observed. For mild severity of the disorder, elevated levels of TMAO and comparable levels of SDMA and ADMA for ASD children as compared to the controls were observed in the urine. For moderate severity of ASD, significantly elevated levels of TMAO but reduced levels of SDMA and ADMA were observed in the urine of ASD children as compared to the controls. When the results obtained for severe ASD severity were considered, reduced levels of TMAO and comparable levels of SDMA and ADMA were observed in ASD children.
- Subjects
LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry; ASYMMETRIC dimethylarginine; HIGH performance liquid chromatography; AUTISM spectrum disorders; MARINE toxins; TOXINS
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, Vol 24, Issue 8, p7078
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms24087078