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- Title
Blue Light Induces Impaired Autophagy through Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 2 Activation on the Mouse Ocular Surface.
- Authors
Li, Ying; Jin, Rujun; Li, Lan; Choi, Ji Suk; Kim, Jonghwa; Yoon, Hyeon Jeong; Park, Jong Hwan; Yoon, Kyung Chul; De Paiva, Cintia S.; Pflugfelder, Stephen C.; Holland, Martin J.
- Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of blue light exposure on nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) expression on the mouse ocular surface and evaluated the role of NOD2 activation in light-induced cell death. Mice were divided into wild-type (WT), NOD2-knock out (KO), WT + blue light (WT + BL), and NOD2-KO + blue light (NOD2-KO + BL) groups, and the mice in the WT+BL and NOD2-KO + BL groups were exposed to blue light for 10 days. After 10 days of blue light exposure, increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were observed in the WT + BL and NOD2-KO + BL groups, and the WT + BL group showed a higher expression of NOD2 and autophagy related 16 like 1. Although both WT+BL and NOD2-KO + BL groups showed an increase in the expression of light chain 3-II, NOD2-KO + BL mice had a significantly lower p62 expression than WT + BL mice. In addition, NOD2-KO+BL mice had significantly lower corneal epithelial damage and apoptosis than WT + BL mice. In conclusion, blue light exposure can induce impaired autophagy by activation of NOD2 on the ocular surface. In addition, the reactive oxygen species (ROS)–NOD2–autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L) signaling pathway may be involved in the blue-light-induced autophagy responses, resulting in corneal epithelial apoptosis.
- Subjects
BLUE light; AUTOPHAGY; OLIGOMERIZATION; REACTIVE oxygen species; MICE
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, Vol 22, Issue 4, p2015
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms22042015