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- Title
5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactone), a Major Microbial Metabolite of Proanthocyanidin, Attenuates THP-1 Monocyte-Endothelial Adhesion.
- Authors
Lee, Charles C.; Jong Hun Kim; Ji Seung Kim; Yun Sil Oh; Seung Min Han; Jung Han Yoon Park; Ki Won Lee; Chang Yong Lee
- Abstract
Several metabolomics of polymeric flavan-3-ols have reported that proanthocyanidins are extensively metabolized by gut microbiota. 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)--valerolactone (DHPV) has been reported to be the major microbial metabolite of proanthocyanidins. We demonstrated that DHPV has stronger prevention effect on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated adhesion of THP-1 human monocytic cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells compared to its potential precursors such as procyanidin A1, A2, B1 and B2, (+)catechin, (--)epicatechin and its microbial metabolites such as 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. Mechanism study showed that DHPV prevents THP-1 monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion by downregulating TNF-α-stimulated expressions of the two biomarkers of atherosclerosis such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, activation of nuclear factor kappa B transcription and phosphorylation of I kappa-B kinase and IκBα. We suggested that DHPV has higher potentiality in prevention of atherosclerosis among the proanthocyanidin metabolites.
- Subjects
PROANTHOCYANIDINS; MICROBIAL metabolites; FLAVANS; ENDOTHELIAL cells; MONOCYTES
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2017, Vol 18, Issue 7, p1363
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms18071363