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- Title
Saussurea lappa extract suppresses TPA-induced cell invasion via inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
- Authors
Ha-Rim Kim; Jeong-Mi Kim; Mi-Seong Kim; Yeon-Ju Park; Sei-Hoon Yang; Hye-Jung Kim; Do-Gon Ryu; Dong-Sung Lee; Hyuncheol Oh; Youn-Chul Kim; Yun-Jin Rhee; Byung-Soon Moon; Jong-Min Yun; Kang-Beom Kwon; Young-Rae Lee
- Abstract
Background Saussurea lappa (SL) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat abdominal pain and tenesmus, and has been suggested to possess various biological activities, including antitumor, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and cardiotonic activities. The effect of SL on breast cancer metastasis, however, is unknown. Cell migration and invasion are crucial in neoplastic metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which degrades the extracellular matrix, is a major component in cancer cell invasion. Methods Cell viability was examined by MTT assay, whereas cell motility was measured by invasion assay. Western blot, Real-time PCR, and Zymography assays were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of ESL on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression level in MCF- 7 cells. EMSA confirmed the inhibitory effects of ESL on DNA binding of NF- κB in MCF- 7 cells. Results Cells threated with various concentrations of Saussurea lappa (ESL) for 24 h. Concentrations of 2 or 4 μM did not lead to a significant change in cell viability or morphology. Therefore, subsequent experiments utilized the optimal non-toxic concentration (2 or 4 μM) of ESL. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of ESL on MMP-9 expression and cell invasion in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced MCF- 7 cells. ESL inhibited the TPA-induced transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). However, this result obtained that ESL did not block the TPA-induced phosphorylation of the kinases: p38, ERK, and JNK. Therefore, ELS-mediated inhibition of TPA-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion involves the suppression of NF-kB pathway in MCF-7 cells. Conclusions These results indicate that ELS-mediated inhibition of TPA-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion involves the suppression of NF-kB pathway in MCF-7 cells. Thus, ESL has potential for controlling breast cancer invasiveness in vitro.
- Subjects
BREAST tumors; BOTANIC medicine; METALLOPROTEINS; METASTASIS; POLYMERASE chain reaction; WESTERN immunoblotting; PLANT extracts; PREVENTION
- Publication
BMC Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 2014, Vol 14, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1472-6882
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/1472-6882-14-170