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- Title
Levels of fluoride in various sources of drinking water available in Chennai - A household survey.
- Authors
Manipal, Sunayana; John, Joseph; Saravanan, S.; Arumugham, Meignana
- Abstract
Aim: The present study is aimed at estimation of levels of fluoride in various sources of drinking water available in various zones in Chennai, India. Methods: In this study three types of drinking water namely Corporation water (tap water), bore water (underground water) and different brands of packaged drinking water were tested for fluoride using the Ion-Selective Electrode for fluoride ion (ELIT 8221 crystal membrane) at the Tamil Nadu water supply and drainage board, Chepuk Chennai. A total of 39 samples were tested from ten administrative zones of Chennai, selected by means of simple random sampling. Results: The mean fluoride level ranged from 0.13 to 1.13 parts per million (ppm). Concentration greater than 1 ppm was observed in four brands of packaged drinking water the levels ranging from 1.50 to 2.80 ppm. Hence it is required that the levels of fluoride to be strictly monitored in packaged drinking water.
- Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of fluorides; TOXICOLOGY of fluorine; FLUORINE content of water; COMPOSITION of water; CONTAMINATION of drinking water
- Publication
Journal of Advanced Oral Research, 2013, Vol 4, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
2320-2068
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/2229411220130203