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- Title
Pühalepa hernhuutlased uuel ajastul: vennastekogu liikmeskond kihelkonna personaalraamatus aastatel 1817-1833.
- Authors
Vunk, Aldur
- Abstract
There is a rather conspicuous attachment to the Pühalepa congregation's list of members and taxpayers, in other words the Pühalepa parish register, in 1817-1833, which is not ordinarily encountered in this type of historical source. Namely, members of the Fraternity of Moravian Brethren who were active within the Lutheran parish congregation are designated there. Two pastors in succession had kept the membership register compiled in Pühalepa -- Paul Eduard Hörschelmann (1781-1833) began keeping the register and Alexander von Sengbusch (1796-1833) continued the work beginning in the autumn of 1822. The document that Tsar Alexander I issued in 1817 affirming the rights of the Herrnhuters brought them under the greater scrutiny of the Consistory of Estonia, which began requiring reports on them. For the most part, Dean P. E. Hörschelmann also submitted such reports concerning the deanery's other parishes. The period of 1817-1832 was the most politically liberal time for the Fraternity of Moravian Brethren in their entire history and they had no reason to distort statistical data. Thus the material concerning the members of the Fraternity of Moravian Brethren in terms of villages, farms and families is reliable and important for understanding the social foundation of support of the Herrnhuters in society between the liberation of the peasantry from serfdom in the Province of Estonia (1816) and the arrival of the industrial revolution in Pühalepa Parish. Pühalepa pastor Johannes Chalenius and Herrnhut deacon Jakob Marrasch founded the Fraternity of Moravian Brethren in Pühalepa on 2 May 1756. It was one of the first in Läänemaa and Hiiumaa. The comments in the parish register end around 1830, when the direct effect of the Industrial Revolution started to be felt throughout Hiiumaa and many people left their home villages for Kärdla. At the same time, the more precise determination of boundaries and the division of farms began, which led to many communities losing the appearance that had evolved over a long period of time. More active people were able to change locations and practical sense found application beyond the village community. Thus an older model of society is apparently unintentionally recorded in the Pühalepa parish register, and that society later gave way to the society that we are already more familiar with. The former Fraternity of Moravian Brethren network of relationships is the most interesting information that two Pühalepa pastors have recorded concerning the peasantry of their parish.
- Subjects
ESTONIA; ESTONIAN history; MORAVIANS; PARISHES; PEASANTS; HISTORY of land tenure; INDUSTRIALIZATION; NINETEENTH century
- Publication
Tuna, 2013, Issue 1, p32
- ISSN
1406-4030
- Publication type
Article