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- Title
Race, ethnicity and urolithiasis: a critical review.
- Authors
Rodgers, Allen
- Abstract
Using combinations of the key words urolithiasis, kidney stones, race, ethnicity, population group in Google Scholar and Pubmed, a literature search identified 40 articles. Of these, 33 satisfied the principal inclusion criterion of studies involving comparison of at least two groups in which there is a perceived difference in stone occurrence. Studies were classified as 'weak' (no attempt to account for inter-racial or inter-ethnic group differences in stone occurrence), 'soft' (speculative explanations reached by default) or 'hard' (explanations based on empirically measured lithogenic risk factors). Only 12 studies (36 %) fell into the latter category. Among these, a wide diversity of lithogenic factors was invoked to explain inter-group differences in stone rates. Traditional urinary physicochemical risk factors do not convincingly account for these differences. Studies have failed to yield a consolidated and unifying theory which compellingly explains racial and ethnic differences in urolithiasis.
- Subjects
KIDNEY stones; KIDNEY diseases; RETENTION of urine; URETERIC obstruction; KIDNEY failure
- Publication
Urolithiasis, 2013, Vol 41, Issue 2, p99
- ISSN
2194-7228
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00240-012-0516-9