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- Title
Ambassador Carlton J. H. Hayes's Wartime Diplomacy: Making Spain a Haven from Hitler*.
- Authors
KENNEDY, EMMET
- Abstract
U.S. Ambassador to Spain (1942-1945), Carlton J.H. Hayes, has been often reputed a Francoist. A look at the entire printed and archival record, however, shows Hayes to have been a tough critic of the caudillo's 'fascism.' This article focuses particularly on Hayes' active role in securing the passage of some 40,000 refugees-French, Anglo-Saxons, Jews and others-across the Pyrenees mostly to North Africa. In retirement, Hayes advocated patient diplomacy, rather than ostracism or subversion of Franco Spain-the policy the U.S. eventually adopted.
- Subjects
SPAIN; HAYES, Carlton J. H. (Carlton Joseph Huntley), 1882-1964; AMERICAN diplomatic &; consular service; WORLD War II diplomacy; WORLD War II refugees; SPAIN-United States relations; TWENTIETH century; HISTORY; HISTORICAL source material
- Publication
Diplomatic History, 2012, Vol 36, Issue 2, p237
- ISSN
0145-2096
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1467-7709.2011.01022.x