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- Title
Essential oils of Kenyan Citrus fruits: volatile components of two varieties of mandarins ( Citrus reticulata) and a tangelo ( C. paradisi × C. tangerina).
- Authors
Njoroge, Simon Muhoho; Koaze, Hiroshi; Mwaniki, Mercy; Minh Tu, N. T.; Sawamura, Masayoshi
- Abstract
The volatile flavour components of essential oils in peel of kara and sabine mandarins ( Citrus reticulata) and minneola tangelo, a hybrid between Duncan grapefruit ( C. paradisi Macfadyen) and Dancy tangerine ( C. tangerina Tanaka) grown in Kenya were extracted by cold-pressing and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. A total of 48, 72 and 56 components amounting to 99.4, 99.8 and 99.8% were identified in each oil, respectively. Monoterpene hydrocarbons constituted 98.1, 96.9 and 96.7% in the respective oils. The major compounds were limonene (87.1-90.7%), γ-terpinene (1.5-2.9%), terpinolene (1.4-2.2%) and myrcene (1.5-1.8%). α−Terpinene was prominent in sabine oil (3.4%) but absent from kara and minneola oils. β-Caryophyllene, α-cubebene and ( E, E)- α-farnesene amounting to minor percentages (0.2-0.3%) were the notable sesquiterpenes in each oil. Oxygenated compounds constituted 1.1, 2.6 and 2.8% of the kara, sabine and minneola oils, respectively. Carbonyl compounds (0.6-1.3%) and alcohols (0.3-1.3%) were the major groups, whereas linalool (0.2-0.6%), decanal (0.2-0.3%) and octanal (0.2-0.3%) were the prominent compounds. β-Sinensal was present in each oil at trace quantities. α-Sinensal and nootkatone were found only in sabine oil. The oils exhibited complex and variable compositions of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones. ( E)- p-Mentha-2,8-dienol, p-mentha-1(7), 8(10)-dien-9-ol, p-menth-8-en-1-ol and ( E)-pinocarvyl acetate found among the oils have not been previously reported in mandarin peel oils. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Publication
Flavour & Fragrance Journal, 2005, Vol 20, Issue 1, p74
- ISSN
0882-5734
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/ffj.1376