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- Title
Benzophenone and Benzoylphloroglucinol Derivatives from Hypericum sampsonii with Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Otogirinin A.
- Authors
Huang, Chun-Yi; Chang, Tzu-Cheng; Wu, Yu-Jing; Chen, Yun; Chen, Jih-Jung; Latruffe, Norbert
- Abstract
Three new compounds, 4-geranyloxy-2-hydroxy-6-isoprenyloxybenzophenone (1), hypericumone A (2) and hypericumone B (3), were obtained from the aerial parts of Hypericum sampsonii, along with six known compounds (4–9). The structures of these compounds were determined through spectroscopic and MS analyses. Hypericumone A (2), sampsonione J (8) and otogirinin A (9) exhibited potent inhibition (IC50 values ≤ 40.32 μM) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) generation. Otogirinin A (9) possessed the highest inhibitory effect on NO production with IC50 value of 32.87 ± 1.60 μM. The well-known proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was also inhibited by otogirinin A (9). Western blot results demonstrated that otogirinin A (9) downregulated the high expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Further investigations on the mechanism showed that otogirinin A (9) blocked the phosphorylation of MAPK/JNK and IκBα, whereas it showed no effect on the phosphorylation of MAPKs/ERK and p38. In addition, otogirinin A (9) stimulated anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype by elevating the expression of arginase 1 and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). The above results suggested that otogirinin A (9) could be considered as potential compound for further development of NO production-targeted anti-inflammatory agent.
- Subjects
TUMOR necrosis factors; HYDROXYBENZOPHENONES; HYPERICUM; NITRIC-oxide synthases; MITOGEN-activated protein kinases; BENZOPHENONES
- Publication
Molecules, 2020, Vol 25, Issue 19, p4463
- ISSN
1420-3049
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/molecules25194463