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- Title
Examination of the wording effect in the new ecological paradigm scale in China: a bi-factor modeling approach.
- Authors
Tang, Changjiang; Yang, Borui; Tian, Hao
- Abstract
The New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale is the most commonly used environmental attitude measure around the world but is still plagued by its confusing dimensional structures. The same has existed in China for more than 10 years, and there are still significant problems with the improvement solutions available. From a psychometric perspective, the wording effect arising from mixed wording directions is considered the leading cause. Based on a Chinese national-level data set, our study examined this effect in the NEP scale using an emerging bi-factor modeling approach. The results indicate that all items can be loaded on a general NEP factor while negatively worded items need to be additionally loaded on a method factor. The absence of this method factor can lead to biased results. Overall, the optimal way to use the NEP scale is to retain all items and control the wording effect through a bi-factor model before further analysis.
- Subjects
CHINA; ATTITUDES toward the environment; NEW words; PSYCHOMETRICS; ECOLOGICAL modernization
- Publication
Current Psychology, 2024, Vol 43, Issue 7, p5887
- ISSN
1046-1310
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s12144-023-04801-z