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- Title
Intramuscular versus intradermal botulinum toxin for forehead wrinkles: a review of side effects and efficacy.
- Authors
Almashali, Mohammed; Almutairi, Rahaf R.; Shadid, Asem
- Abstract
Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is a neurotoxin used for both cosmetic and non-cosmetic purposes. BTA is commonly administered as an intramuscular injection to treat wrinkles. However, when it comes to treating forehead wrinkles, intramuscular injection is associated with a greater rate of ptosis. Intradermal injection is currently thought to be a better alternative. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for research articles published between 1989 and 2023 using the following keywords: "intradermal," "intramuscular," "botulinum toxin," and "forehead wrinkle." The search yielded three randomized controlled trials and a double-blind, split-face case report on 58 patients. We found that although intradermal and intramuscular injections have symmetrical anti-wrinkle effects, the former results in a lower rate of ptosis and a greater degree of pain.
- Subjects
BOTULINUM toxin; BOTULINUM A toxins; INTRADERMAL injections; INTRAMUSCULAR injections
- Publication
Dermatology Reports, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 1, p62
- ISSN
2036-7406
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.4081/dr.2023.9799