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- Title
Gene-Environment Interplay in Physical, Psychological, and Cognitive Domains in Mid to Late Adulthood: Is APOE a Variability Gene?
- Authors
Reynolds, Chandra; Gatz, Margaret; Christensen, Kaare; Christiansen, Lene; Dahl Aslan, Anna; Kaprio, Jaakko; Korhonen, Tellervo; Kremen, William; Krueger, Robert; McGue, Matt; Neiderhiser, Jenae; Pedersen, Nancy
- Abstract
Despite emerging interest in gene-environment interaction (GxE) effects, there is a dearth of studies evaluating its potential relevance apart from specific hypothesized environments and biometrical variance trends. Using a monozygotic within-pair approach, we evaluated evidence of G×E for body mass index (BMI), depressive symptoms, and cognition (verbal, spatial, attention, working memory, perceptual speed) in twin studies from four countries. We also evaluated whether APOE is a 'variability gene' across these measures and whether it partly represents the 'G' in G×E effects. In all three domains, G×E effects were pervasive across country and gender, with small-to-moderate effects. Age-cohort trends were generally stable for BMI and depressive symptoms; however, they were variable-with both increasing and decreasing age-cohort trends-for different cognitive measures. Results also suggested that APOE may represent a 'variability gene' for depressive symptoms and spatial reasoning, but not for BMI or other cognitive measures. Hence, additional genes are salient beyond APOE.
- Subjects
ADULTS; OLDER people; SHORT-term memory; MOLECULAR genetics; DOMINANCE (Genetics); GENOMES; DEVELOPMENTAL delay
- Publication
Behavior Genetics, 2016, Vol 46, Issue 1, p4
- ISSN
0001-8244
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10519-015-9761-3