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- Title
Impacts of Temperature on the Growth, Feed Utilization, Stress, and Hemato-Immune Responses of Cherry Salmon (Oncorhynchus masou).
- Authors
Lee, Jang-Won; Balasubramanian, Balamuralikrishnan
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) is a commercially important species found in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Although it is commercially farmed within its range, limited data exist regarding the precise temperature ranges conducive to growth, efficient feed utilization, and overall health in a controlled environment. This study aimed to characterize the temperatures commonly experienced by the species in land-based aquaculture farms, seeking to identify those that most effectively promote growth, feed utilization, and health. Additionally, it sought to investigate the repercussions of less conducive temperatures on stress levels, osmoregulatory capabilities, and immune responses. We found that the water temperatures, within the temperatures tested, most conducive to growth, feed efficiency, and health were 10 °C and 14 °C, while the least favorable temperature was identified at 22 °C. Furthermore, a temperature of 22 °C resulted in delayed feeding response, reduced appetite, compromised health status, impaired osmoregulation ability, and disrupted immune response. Thus, rearing temperatures should be maintained below 22 °C in commercial farms to avoid deterioration in health and well-being, as well as decreases in growth and feed efficiency, of this fish. Cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) hold commercial value in aquaculture, and there is a need for controlled laboratory studies to isolate the specific effects of temperature on their growth, feeding, and well-being. We examined the effects of different temperatures (10 °C, 14 °C, 18 °C, and 22 °C) on juvenile cherry salmon (average mass 29.1 g) in triplicate tanks per treatment over eight weeks. The key parameters assessed included growth rate, feed efficiency, stress response, and hemato-immune responses. Our objectives were to determine the most and less favorable temperatures among the four designated temperatures and to assess the adverse effects associated with these less favorable temperatures. The results showed that body weight, growth rates, feed intake, and feed efficiency were significantly higher at 10 °C and 14 °C compared to 18 °C and 22 °C. Reduced appetite and feeding response were observed at 22 °C. Red blood cell parameters were significantly lower at 22 °C. At 10 °C, the results showed significantly increased plasma cortisol levels, gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity, body silvering, and decreased condition factors, suggesting potential smoltification. The potential smoltification decreased with increasing temperatures and disappeared at 22 °C. Furthermore, the plasma lysozyme concentrations significantly increased at 18 °C and 22 °C. In conclusion, our study identifies 10 °C and 14 °C as the temperatures most conducive to growth and feed performance in juvenile cherry salmon under these experimental conditions. However, temperatures of 22 °C or higher should be avoided to prevent compromised feeding, reduced health, disturbed immune responses, impaired growth, and feed performance.
- Subjects
FISH feeds; ONCORHYNCHUS; SALMON; ERYTHROCYTES; WATER temperature; TEMPERATURE effect
- Publication
Animals (2076-2615), 2023, Vol 13, Issue 24, p3870
- ISSN
2076-2615
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ani13243870