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- Title
Contribution of Ship Emission to Volatile Organic Compounds Based on One‐Year Monitoring at a Coastal Site in the Pearl River Delta Region.
- Authors
Tong, Mengxue; Zhang, Yanli; Zhang, Huiyi; Chen, Duohong; Pei, Chenglei; Guo, Hao; Song, Wei; Yang, Xin; Wang, Xinming
- Abstract
Ship emission impacts ambient air quality, especially in coastal regions, by emitting air pollutants such as fine particles, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), yet its contributions to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ozone (O3) are much less constrained with the challenge in distinguish ship emission from land diesel emission. In this study, we conducted a 1‐year online measurement of VOCs with a 1‐hr resolution at a coastal site in south China's Pearl River Delta region, which holds three of the world's top 10 container ports. The results revealed that C10–C12 n‐alkanes, as typical diesel‐related emission tracers, were significantly enhanced and strongly related to oceanic air masses. Receptor modeling revealed two diesel‐related sources of land diesel emission and ship emission, which could be differentiated based on their source profiles, seasonal trends and air mass back trajectories. Ship emissions contributed 6.4%, 5.0%, and 13.6% of total VOC mixing ratios, ozone formation potentials (OFPs), and secondary organic aerosol formation potentials (SOAFPs), while these percentages were 3.4%, 14.7%, and 15.9% for land diesel emission, respectively. In particular, in July, ship emissions could contribute 21.7%, 14.6%, and 31.2% of VOCs, OFPs, and SOAFPs, respectively. Our results highlight the important contribution of diesel‐related emission VOCs in forming O3 and SOA in coastal regions, and ship emission is a non‐negligible source of VOCs, particularly after the strict control of land emission sources. Plain Language Summary: Ships emit pollutants like fine particles, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), impacting significantly on air quality in coastal areas. Ship‐emitted VOCs are potential precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ozone (O3), yet its contribution to ambient VOCs even in coastal areas is highly uncertain based on bottom‐up estimates. Meanwhile, observation‐based source attribution often fails to successfully differentiate between land‐based diesel emissions and ship emissions. Here we carried out a year‐long online monitoring of VOCs at a coastal site in south China, to explore the contribution of ship emissions to VOCs by receptor modeling in consideration of air mass trajectories. We used concentration‐weighted trajectory (CWT) and air mass cluster analysis for C10–C12 n‐alkanes, which are typical diesel emission tracers, to distinguish ship emission from land‐based diesel emission. Results revealed that ship emissions on average could accounted for 6.4% of total VOCs, 5.0% of ozone formation potentials, and 13.6% of secondary organic aerosol formation potential, and in particular, these percentages could reach 21.7%, 14.6%, and 31.2% in July. This study highlights the importance of reducing ship emissions to improve air quality in coastal regions. Key Points: One‐year online monitoring of VOCs at a coastal site reveals relatively higher C10‐C12 alkanes due to diesel‐related emissionsShip and land‐diesel emissions are differentiated based on air mass back trajectories and source profilesShip emissions contributed substantially to VOC mixing ratios, OFPs and SOAFPs especially in July when air masses were mostly from the ocean
- Subjects
CHINA; AIR pollutants; VOLATILE organic compounds; ORGANIC bases; DIESEL motor exhaust gas; CONTAINER terminals; AIR quality; AIR masses
- Publication
Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres, 2024, Vol 129, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
2169-897X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2023JD039999