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- Title
Treatment of surface water contaminated with ketoprofen: submerged photocatalytic membrane reactor vs. membrane distillation unit.
- Authors
Mozia, Sylwia; Rajakumaran, Revathy; Szymański, Kacper; Grzechulska-Damszel, Joanna
- Abstract
The investigations on a long-term continuous operation of two membrane systems: direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) unit and a submerged photocatalytic membrane reactor utilizing direct contact membrane distillation (SPMR-DCMD) are presented. The efficiency of treatment of simulated surface water contaminated with ketoprofen as well as the polypropylene membrane performance were analyzed. Moreover, the toxicity of the retentate and distillate was evaluated. No significant membrane scaling was observed, however, a noticeable humic acid deposit in the case of DCMD, and TiO2 deposit in the case of SPMR-DCMD was found. Despite that the permeate flux was stable in both systems during 200 h of operation. Moreover, for the SPMR-DCMD the flux enhancement compared to pure water flux was observed due to the presence of TiO2. The concentration of total organic carbon in SPMR-DCMD distillate was lower compared to DCMD, while conductivity and total inorganic carbon content were visibly higher indicating passage of CO2 originating from the photodegraded contaminants through the membrane. In DCMD a continuous concentration of the treated water resulted in an increased toxicity of retentate, while in the SPMR-DCMD the retentate was non-toxic. Moreover, a protective effect of humic acids against the toxic effects of ketoprofen towards Aliivibrio fischeri was proved.
- Subjects
MEMBRANE distillation; MEMBRANE reactors; NONSTEROIDAL anti-inflammatory agents; WATER purification; POISONS; HUMIC acid; SOLAR stills
- Publication
Desalination & Water Treatment, 2023, Vol 316, p493
- ISSN
1944-3994
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5004/dwt.2023.30165