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- Title
Anti-Candida properties of asaronaldehyde of Acorus gramineus rhizome and three structural isomers.
- Authors
Rajput, Sandeep B.; Shinde, Ravikumar B.; Routh, Madhushree M.; Karuppayil, Sankunny M.
- Abstract
Background: Asaronaldehyde (2, 4, 5-trimethoxybeznaldehyde) is an active component of Acorus gramineus rhizome. This study aims to evaluate the anti-Candida efficacy of asaronaldehyde and its three structural isomers, namely, 2, 3, 4-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, and 2, 4, 6- trimethoxybenzaldehyde. Methods: Susceptibility testing of test compounds was carried out using standard methodology (M27-A2) as per clinical and laboratory standards institute guidelines. Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined as the lowest concentration of drug killing 99.9% of Candida cells. The effect on sterol profile was evaluated using the ergosterol quantitation method. Effects on morphogenesis, adhesion and biofilm formation in C. albicans were studied using germ-tube, adherence and biofilm formation assays respectively. Cytotoxicity of test compounds to human RBCs was determined by hemolysis assay. Results: 2, 4, 6-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde exhibited significant anti-Candida activity (P = 0.0412). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were established as 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. All of the test compounds showed significant inhibition of hyphal form transition in yeast at MIC/2 and MIC/4 values. 3, 4, 5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde and 2, 4, 6-trimethoxybenzaldehyde inhibited adhesion and biofilms. A hemolytic assay of these compounds revealed that they were non-toxic at MIC values. Asaronaldehyde reduced sterol content. Conclusion: Asaronaldehyde and 2, 4, 6-trimethoxybenzaldehyde showed anti-Candida efficacy.
- Subjects
ERYTHROCYTES; ALDEHYDES; BIOFILMS; BIOLOGICAL assay; CANDIDA; CELL culture; HEMOLYSIS &; hemolysins; MOLECULAR structure; SCANNING electron microscopy; PLANT stems; T-test (Statistics); TOXICITY testing; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics
- Publication
Chinese Medicine, 2013, Vol 8, Issue 1, p18
- ISSN
1749-8546
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/1749-8546-8-18