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- Title
CORRECTIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND ARCHITECTURE.
- Authors
Gill, Howard B.
- Abstract
This article discusses the influence of correctional philosophy upon correctional architecture and describes the decisive influence of correctional architecture upon correctional policies. The penitentiary program was saved in 1820 by a stalwart prison warden and two architects. The warden was Elam Lynds, who established the famous Auburn System of prison discipline at the state prison in Auburn, New York, and who was aided and abetted by his architect-builder John Cray. In the Auburn System, prisoners were housed in inside cells and worked together in congregate work-shops under the silent rule. The Progressive Prison represents a natural swing of the pendulum away from the harsh cruelty of the old penology, and it somehow fills the vacuum caused by the decline in prison industries due to the opposition of free labor and capital to the sale of prison products on the open market. Security deals with three basic elements-- escape, contraband, and disorder. Hence maximum, medium, and minimum risks deal not only with escape, but also with contraband and disorder. The so-called bad psychological effect of walls on prisoners is a myth of Progressive Penology. With regard to prisoner personnel, once having determined security, it is good philosophy not to deal with prisoners according to the crimes which they have committed or the activities which the institution offers, however various these may be. The small group principle is reflected in housing, dining, recreation, and all important activities. Evidence of the emphasis on both acculturation and problem-solving is shown in the architecture.
- Subjects
AUBURN (N.Y.); NEW York (State); CORRECTIONS (Criminal justice administration); PRISON design &; construction; JURISPRUDENCE; PRISON discipline; SECURITY management; LYNDS, Elam; CRAY, John
- Publication
Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology & Police Science, 1962, Vol 53, Issue 3, p312
- ISSN
0022-0205
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2307/1141466