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- Title
Truncating variant burden in high-functioning autism and pleiotropic effects of LRP1 across psychiatric phenotypes.
- Authors
Torrico, Bàrbara; Shaw, Alex D.; Mosca, Roberto; Vivó-Luque, Norma; Hervás, Amaia; Fernàndez-Castillo, Noèlia; Aloy, Patrick; Bayés, Mònica; Fullerton, Janice M.; Cormand, Bru; Toma, Claudio
- Abstract
Background: Previous research has implicated de novo and inherited truncating mutations in autism-spectrum disorder. We aim to investigate whether the load of inherited truncating mutations contributes similarly to high-functioning autism, and to characterize genes that harbour de novo variants in high-functioning autism. Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing in 20 high-functioning autism families (average IQ = 100). Results: We observed no difference in the number of transmitted versus nontransmitted truncating alleles for high-functioning autism (117 v. 130, p = 0.78). Transmitted truncating and de novo variants in high-functioning autism were not enriched in gene ontology (GO) or Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) categories, or in autism-related gene sets. However, in a patient with high-functioning autism we identified a de novo variant in a canonical splice site of LRP1 , a postsynaptic density gene that is a target for fragile X mental retardation protein (FRMP). This de novo variant leads to in-frame skipping of exon 29, removing 2 of 6 blades of the β-propeller domain 4 of LRP1 , with putative functional consequences. Large data sets implicate LRP1 across a number of psychiatric disorders: de novo variants are associated with autism-spectrum disorder (p = 0.039) and schizophrenia (p = 0.008) from combined sequencing projects; common variants using genome-wide association study data sets from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium show gene-based association in schizophrenia (p = 6.6 × E−07) and in a meta-analysis across 7 psychiatric disorders (p = 2.3 × E−03); and the burden of ultra-rare pathogenic variants has been shown to be higher in autism-spectrum disorder (p = 1.2 × E−05), using whole-exome sequencing from 6135 patients with schizophrenia, 1778 patients with autism-spectrum disorder and 7875 controls. Limitations: We had a limited sample of patients with high-functioning autism, related to difficulty in recruiting probands with high cognitive performance and no family history of psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: Previous studies and ours suggest an effect of truncating mutations restricted to severe autism-spectrum disorder phenotypes that are associated with intellectual disability. We provide evidence for pleiotropic effects of common and rare variants in the LRP1 gene across psychiatric phenotypes.
- Subjects
ANTIGEN analysis; DIAGNOSIS of autism; GENETICS of autism; DIAGNOSIS of schizophrenia; GENETICS of schizophrenia; ALLELES; COGNITIVE testing; COMPARATIVE studies; GENETIC polymorphisms; GENOMES; INTELLIGENCE tests; PEOPLE with intellectual disabilities; GENETIC mutation; PHENOTYPES; KNOWLEDGE base; SEVERITY of illness index; SEQUENCE analysis
- Publication
Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 2019, Vol 44, Issue 5, p350
- ISSN
1180-4882
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1503/jpn.180184