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- Title
Repeatability of ARK-30 in a pediatric population.
- Authors
Hernandez-Moreno, Laura; Vallelado-Alvarez, Ana; Martin, Raul
- Abstract
<bold>Purpose: </bold>To determine repeatability and agreement of the ARK-30 handheld autorefractor with retinoscopy under cycloplegic and noncycloplegic conditions in children.<bold>Methods: </bold>Three consecutive autorefractor measurements (with and without cycloplegia) and retinoscopy were performed and compared in 30 randomized eyes of 30 children (mean age of 6.7 ± 2.7 years with spherical equivalent [SE] refraction from ‒4.01 to +7.38 D) in a cross-section and masked study. Bland-Altman analysis of autorefractor measurements (with and without cycloplegia) and agreement with retinoscopy were calculated with conventional notation (sphere [Sph] and cylinder [Cyl]) and vector notation (SE, J0, and J45coefficients).<bold>Results: </bold>ARK-30 measurements without cycloplegia were lower than under cycloplegic conditions (Sph: ‒0.52 ± 2.37 D vs + 0.86 ± 2.60 D, P < 0.01; Cyl: ‒0.83 ± 0.80 D versus ‒0.78 ± 0.77 D, P = 0.37; and SE: ‒0.94 ± 2.19 D vs + 0.47 ± 2.44 D, P < 0.01, respectively) and statistically different (P < 0.03) from retinoscopy (Shp: +0.83 ± 2.66 D; Cyl: ‒0.71 ± 0.87 D; SE: +0.51 ± 2.49 D). Without statistical differences were in J0and J45coefficients. Cyloplegic autorefraction measures were not found to be statistically significantly different to retinoscopy measures. ARK-30 under cycloplegia shows better repeatability with lower limits of agreement (LoA) in Sph (LoA: ‒0.66 to +0.69 D), and SE (LoA: ‒0.66 to +0.65 D) than without cycloplegia (LoA: ‒1.45 to +1.77 D, and ‒1.38 to +1.74 D, respectively).<bold>Conclusion: </bold>Under noncycloplegic conditions, ARK-30 autorefractor has low repeatability and a tendency toward minus over correction in children. However, repeatability and agreement with retinoscopy under cycloplegic conditions allow use of ARK-30 in children to estimate refraction but not to substitute gold standard retinoscopic refraction.
- Subjects
INDIA; AUTOREFRACTORS; RETINOSCOPY; INTRAOCULAR lenses; REFRACTIVE errors; ASTIGMATISM; VISION disorders; VISION testing equipment; COMPARATIVE studies; VISUAL accommodation; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; RESEARCH; PRODUCT design; EVALUATION research; DISEASE incidence; CROSS-sectional method
- Publication
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 2018, Vol 66, Issue 9, p1262
- ISSN
0301-4738
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.4103/ijo.IJO_266_18