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- Title
Cigarette smoking and risk of severe infectious respiratory diseases in UK adults: 12-year follow-up of UK biobank.
- Authors
McGeoch, Luke J; Ross, Stephanie; Massa, M Sofia; Lewington, Sarah; Clarke, Robert
- Abstract
Background The relevance of tobacco smoking for infectious respiratory diseases (IRD) is uncertain. We investigated the associations of cigarette smoking with severe IRD resulting in hospitalization or death in UK adults. Methods We conducted a prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of severe IRD in UK Biobank. The outcomes included pneumonia, other acute lower respiratory tract infections (OA-LRTI) and influenza. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of severe IRD associated with smoking habits after adjusting for confounding factors. Results Among 341 352 participants with no prior history of major chronic diseases, there were 12 384 incident cases with pneumonia, 7054 with OA-LRTI and 795 with influenza during a 12-year follow-up. Compared with non-smokers, current smoking was associated with ⁓2-fold higher rates of severe IRD (HR 2.40 [2.27–2.53] for pneumonia, 1.99 [1.84–2.14] for OA-LRTI and 1.82 [95% confidence interval: 1.47–2.24] for influenza). Incidence of all severe IRDs were positively associated with amount of cigarettes smoked. The HRs for each IRD (except influenza) also declined with increasing duration since quitting. Conclusions Current cigarette smoking was positively associated with higher rates of IRD and the findings extend indications for tobacco control measures and vaccination of current smokers for prevention of severe IRD.
- Subjects
UNITED Kingdom; PNEUMONIA; CONFIDENCE intervals; SMOKING cessation; RESPIRATORY infections; REGRESSION analysis; RISK assessment; HOSPITAL care; INFLUENZA; RESEARCH funding; SMOKING; DEATH; SARS disease; LONGITUDINAL method; PROPORTIONAL hazards models; DOSE-response relationship in biochemistry; DISEASE risk factors; ADULTS
- Publication
Journal of Public Health, 2023, Vol 45, Issue 4, pe621
- ISSN
1741-3842
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/pubmed/fdad090