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- Title
Emission and exposure of hydrogen sulfide in the air from oil refinery: spatiotemporal field monitoring.
- Authors
Salih, M. Q.; Hamadamin, R. R.; Hama, J. R.
- Abstract
Little is known regarding the amount of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emitted during refinery process under different management systems. Therefore, two refinery fields were investigated to explain their H2S emission, as they were managed using non-standardized and standardized protocols. In addition, three units of standardized refinery were investigated to correlate the amount of emitted H2S with oil quality. Both of non-standardized and standardized oil refineries emitted H2S, but the former contributed more; in fact, it was orders of magnitude higher. At non-standardized and standardized oil refineries, the highest concentration of H2S measured was 35.6 ± 2.4 and 2.6 ± 0.3 mg/m3, respectively, and the concentrations steadily declined with the distance from the refinery subunits until it was not detected at 550 and 130 m, respectively. In addition, refinery subunits: distillation tower, flare gas, and storage tank, emitted H2S, but the former was the dominant source. The crude oil quality affected H2S concentration in the air, the higher sulfur content the more H2S released. Furthermore, there was diurnal pattern of H2S concentrations, with higher H2S emitted during nighttime than the daytime. This study demonstrates that H2S emitted into atmosphere, and it most likely affects refinery workers health, surrounding area, and this can lead to further environmental consequences.
- Subjects
EMISSION exposure; PETROLEUM refineries; HYDROGEN sulfide; PETROLEUM; STORAGE tanks; DISTILLATION
- Publication
International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology (IJEST), 2023, Vol 20, Issue 5, p4727
- ISSN
1735-1472
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s13762-022-04309-2