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- Title
Toxicity Bioassay and Respiratory Impact of Fungicide Tricyclazole on Anabas testudineus.
- Authors
Soman, Shalu; Aloorkalarickal Unnikrishnan, Arun; Reghu Nandanan Pillai, Syamkumar
- Abstract
Tricyclazole is a fungicide, widely used to control the blast disease of paddy. Parboiling, a step involved in the post-harvest processing of rice, releases fungicide residues, which enter water bodies and eventually reach aquatic organisms like fish. A preliminary analysis of the parboiled rice mill effluent showed the presence of the fungicide, Tricyclazole. In the present study, a 120-h bioassay was conducted to evaluate the effect of tricyclazole on A. testudineus, a freshwater fish found in Kerala. The LC50 was found to be 19.83 and 17.19 mg L-1 for 12 and 120 h, respectively. The 96-h LC50 of tricyclazole was estimated as 17.28 mg L-1. LT50 value ranged from 66.58 to 35.77 h for 17 and 17.6 mg L-1 of tricyclazole. Exposure duration was the most critical factor as LT values varied significantly across decimal increments of doses. Fishes exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (A: 1/10, B: 1/7, and C: 1/5 of 96-h LC50) for 10, 20, and 30 days exhibited behavioural abnormalities such as air gulping, loss of balance, copious secretion of mucus, loss of scales, opercular activity, discolouration, surfacing, and vertically hanging movements. Gill movement was high in the first few minutes of recovery, which also seemed to last longer with increased exposure duration. Fishes exposed to lowest sub-lethal concentration took almost 60 min for gill movement to reach normalcy. The oxygen consumption increased significantly at higher sub-lethal concentration after 20 h of exposure. The present study indicates a clear sign of metabolic impairment by tricyclazole in A. testudineus.
- Subjects
PARBOILED rice; BIOLOGICAL assay; OXYGEN consumption; FUNGICIDES; RICE processing; RICE milling; FRESHWATER fishes
- Publication
Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 2024, Vol 235, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
0049-6979
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11270-023-06836-1