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- Title
The historical biogeography of Apsilochorema (Trichoptera, Hydrobiosidae) revised, following molecular studies.
- Authors
Strandberg, Jonas; Johanson, Kjell Arne
- Abstract
The genus Apsilochorema is unique in the family Hydrobiosidae Ulmer, being widely distributed in the Palaearctic, Oriental and Australian Regions. All other 49 genera in the family, except the New World Atopsyche Banks, 1905, are confined to a single biogeographical Region. This unique distribution has independently stimulated researchers to formulate competing hypotheses about the biogeographical history of the genus. Molecular sequence data from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and nuclear cadherin (CAD) genes of Apsilochorema species from the Oriental and Australian areas were analysed phylogenetically. The results retain a monophyletic Apsilochorema, which forms the sistergroup to the other genera in the subfamily Apsilochorematinae. The results from the biogeographical analyses dispute the earlier assumptions of an Oriental or northern Gondwana origin for the genus, revealing unambiguously an initial Australian radiation of the ancestral Apsilochorema with a subsequent dispersal into the Oriental Region. All but one of the Apsilochorema species occurring on the Pacific islands had an Oriental ancestor. The exception is the sistergroup to the New Caledonian species, which is found in both Australia and Oriental Regions. The molecular dating analysis, using a relaxed clock model, indicates that the genus Apsilochorema is about 36.4 MY old and that it dispersed from Australia into the Oriental Region about 28.3 Ma. It also gives an estimate of the approximate ages of the dispersals into New Caledonia to about 15.3 Ma; to the Solomon Islands at about 16.2 Ma; to the Fiji Islands at about 16.1 Ma; and to the Vanuatu Islands at about 5.4 Ma.
- Subjects
NEW Caledonia; BIOGEOGRAPHY; CADDISFLIES; RHYACOPHILIDAE; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; CYTOCHROME oxidase; GONDWANA (Continent)
- Publication
Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research, 2011, Vol 49, Issue 2, p110
- ISSN
0947-5745
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00578.x