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- Title
Pseudocapacitive Desalination of Brackish Water and Seawater with Vanadium-Pentoxide-Decorated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes.
- Authors
Lee, Juhan; Srimuk, Pattarachai; Aristizabal, Katherine; Kim, Choonsoo; Choudhury, Soumyadip; Nah, Yoon‐Chae; Mücklich, Frank; Presser, Volker
- Abstract
A hybrid membrane pseudocapacitive deionization (MPDI) system consisting of a hydrated vanadium pentoxide (hV2O5)-decorated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) electrode and one activated carbon electrode enables sodium ions to be removed by pseudocapacitive intercalation with the MWCNT-hV2O5 electrode and chloride ion to be removed by non-faradaic electrosorption of the porous carbon electrode. The MWCNT-hV2O5 electrode was synthesized by electrochemical deposition of hydrated vanadium pentoxide on the MWCNT paper. The stable electrochemical operating window for the MWCNT-hV2O5 electrode was between −0.5 V and +0.4 V versus Ag/AgCl, which provided a specific capacity of 44 mAh g−1 (corresponding with 244 F g−1) in aqueous 1 m NaCl. The desalination performance of the MPDI system was investigated in aqueous 200 m m NaCl (brackish water) and 600 m m NaCl (seawater) solutions. With the aid of an anion and a cation exchange membrane, the MPDI hybrid cell was operated from −0.4 to +0.8 V cell voltage without crossing the reduction and oxidation potential limit of both electrodes. For the 600 m m NaCl solution, the NaCl salt adsorption capacity of the cell was 23.6±2.2 mg g−1, which is equivalent to 35.7±3.3 mg g−1 normalized to the mass of the MWCNT-hV2O5 electrode. Additionally, we propose a normalization method for the electrode material with faradaic reactions based on sodium uptake capacities.
- Subjects
MULTIWALLED carbon nanotubes; VANADIUM catalysts; VANADIUM oxide; CARBON electrodes; VANADIUM pentoxide; AQUEOUS solutions
- Publication
ChemSusChem, 2017, Vol 10, Issue 18, p3611
- ISSN
1864-5631
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/cssc.201701215