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- Title
Effects of Weight Loss on Key Obesity-Related Biomarkers Linked to the Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Authors
Clontz, Angela D.; Gan, Emma; Hursting, Stephen D.; Bae-Jump, Victoria L.
- Abstract
Simple Summary: Obesity significantly contributes to endometrial cancer (EC) incidence and mortality. Weight loss interventions are pivotal in mitigating endometroid EC risk, showing notable improvements in obesity-related metabolic perturbations, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. This review aimed to assess the efficacy of weight loss strategies, including lifestyle modifications, surgical interventions, and pharmacological approaches, on key biological indicators associated with endometroid EC. Findings reveal the assessment of weight loss for reducing inflammatory markers linked to endometroid EC, with bariatric surgery emerging as a prominent intervention. These insights can inform clinical practice, refine therapeutic strategies, and introduce tailored interventions to promote equitable healthcare and enhance outcomes for individuals affected by endometroid EC. Endometrial cancer (EC) includes various histologic types, with estrogen-dependent endometrioid carcinoma being the most common. Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing this type, especially in postmenopausal women, due to elevated estrogen production by adipocytes. This review examines the impact of weight loss from different interventions on reducing obesity-related risk factors for endometrioid EC. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on three weight loss interventions: bariatric surgery, pharmacotherapy, and lifestyle changes. The effects of these interventions on inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6) and hormones (leptin, estrogen) were analyzed. Data from controlled studies were pooled to assess the significance of weight loss in reducing these biomarkers. Despite heterogeneity, bariatric surgery resulted in an overall 25.8% weight reduction, outperforming lifestyle and pharmacotherapy interventions. Weight loss reduced CRP levels by 33.5% and IL-6 levels by 41.9%. TNF-α levels decreased by 13% with percent weight loss over 7%. Leptin levels also decreased significantly, although the exact weight loss percentage was not statistically significant. Weight loss effectively reduces proinflammatory markers and hormones associated with increased risk of endometrioid EC. The strengths of this review include a comprehensive examination of different weight-loss interventions and a large pool of participants. However, limitations include high heterogeneity among studies and only 43% of the participants being postmenopausal. Limited data on sex hormones and racial disparities underscore the need for further research.
- Subjects
WEIGHT loss; RISK assessment; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; LEPTIN; HORMONES; FAT cells; TUMOR markers; META-analysis; POSTMENOPAUSE; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ENDOMETRIAL tumors; SYSTEMATIC reviews; INSULIN resistance; INFLAMMATION; OBESITY; BIOMARKERS; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Cancers, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 12, p2197
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers16122197